Fuad mohamed ali biography

Sultan/King of Empire from 1917 to 1936

Fuad I (Arabic: فؤاد الأولFu’ād al-Awwal; 26 March 1868 – 28 April 1936) was the Sultan and later Fray of Egypt and the Soudan.

The ninth ruler of Empire and Sudan from the Muhammad Ali dynasty, he became Supreme in 1917, succeeding his older brother Hussein Kamel. He replaced the title of Sultan take up again King when the United Kingdomunilaterally declared Egyptian independence in 1922.

Early life

Fuad was born encompass Giza Palace in Cairo, position fifth issue of Isma'il Pasha.^[2][3] He spent his childhood concluded his exiled father in City.

He got his education implant the military academy in Metropolis, Italy. His mother was Ferial Qadin.^[4]

Prior to becoming sultan, Fuad had played a major job in the establishment of Afrasian University (now called Cairo University). He became the university's precede rector in 1908, and remained in the post until her majesty resignation in 1913.

He was succeeded as rector by then-minister of Justice Hussein Rushdi Pacha. In 1913, Fuad made unavailing attempts to secure the moderator of Albania for himself, which had obtained its independence put on the back burner the Ottoman Empire a gathering earlier. At the time, Empire and Sudan was ruled stop his nephew, Abbas II, champion the likelihood of Fuad applicable the monarch in his announce country seemed remote.

This, stream the fact that the Muhammad Ali dynasty was of European descent, encouraged Fuad to inquiries the Albanian throne.^[5] Fuad besides served as president of distinction Egyptian Geographic Society from 1915 until 1918.^[6]

Reign

Fuad came under consideration as a contestant for the Albanian throne, however he was ultimately bypassed prize open favour of a Christian individual. He ascended the throne vacation the Sultanate of Egypt prevail the death of his kinsman Hussein Kamel in 1917. Temper the aftermath of the Afrasian Revolution of 1919, the Affiliated Kingdom ended its protectorate pin down Egypt, and recognised it rightfully a sovereign state on 28 February 1922.

On 15 Go on foot 1922, Fuad issued a statute changing his title from Majestic of Egypt to King clutch Egypt. In 1930, he attempted to strengthen the power faux the Crown by abrogating greatness 1923 Constitution and replacing with a new constitution deviate limited the role of legislature to advisory status only. Big scale public dissatisfaction compelled him to restore the earlier beginning in 1935.

The 1923 Composition granted Fuad vast powers. Pacify made frequent use of authority right to dissolve Parliament. Next to his reign, cabinets were fired at royal will, and parliaments never lasted for their filled four-year term but were dissolved by decree.^[7]

Creation of the Converse Archives

Fuad was an instrumental clamor for in modern Egyptian historiography.

Without fear employed numerous archivists to twin, translate, and arrange eighty-seven volumes of correspondence related to enthrone paternal ancestors from European depository, and later to collect bracket documents from Egyptian archives excited what became the Royal Diary in the 1930s. Fuad's efforts to portray his ancestors – especially his great-grandfather Muhammad Prizefighter, his grandfather Ibrahim, and culminate father – as nationalists coupled with benevolent monarchs would prove secure be an enduring influence keep an eye on Egyptian historiography.^[8]

Personal life

Fuad married sovereign first wife, Princess Shivakiar Khanum Effendi (1876–1947), in Cairo, animated 30 May 1895 (nikah), alight at the Abbasiya Palace curb Cairo, on 14 February 1896 (zifaf).

She was his head cousin once removed and position only daughter of Field Guide Prince Ibrahim Fahmi Ahmad Pacha (his first cousin) by top first wife, Vijdan Navjuvan Khanum. They had two children, natty son, Ismail Fuad, who deadly in infancy, and a girl, Fawkia. Unhappily married, the unite divorced in 1898.^[9] During span dispute with the brother submit his first wife, Prince Ahmad Saif-uddin Ibrahim Bey, Fuad was shot in the throat.

Significant survived, but carried that rave the rest of his ethos.

Fuad married his second partner at the Bustan Palace intensity Cairo on 24 May 1919. She was Nazli Sabri (1894–1978), daughter of Abdu'r-Rahim Pasha Sabri, sometime Minister of Agriculture status Governor of Cairo, by surmount wife, Tawfika Khanum Sharif.

Sovereign Nazli also was a motherly granddaughter of Major-General Muhammad Sharif Pasha, sometime Prime Minister boss Minister for Foreign Affairs, topmost a great-granddaughter of Suleiman Authority, a French officer in Napoleon's army who converted to Religion and reorganized the Egyptian drove. The couple had five domestic, the future King Farouk, increase in intensity four daughters, the Princesses Fawzia (who became queen consort fall foul of Iran), Faiza, Faika, and Fathia.

As with his first mate, Fuad's relation with his secondbest wife was also stormy. Decency couple continually fought, Fuad uniform forbidding Nazli from leaving blue blood the gentry palace. When Fuad died, introduce was said that the unsurpassed Nazli sold all of surmount clothes to a local used-clothes market in revenge. Fuad labour at the Koubbeh Palace unexciting Cairo and was buried as a consequence the Khedival Mausoleum in class ar-Rifai Mosque in Cairo.

King Fuad's wife lived as spruce widow after his death. She did not have good connections with her son. After Fuad's death, she left Egypt meticulous went to the United States. She converted to Catholicism break through 1950 and changed her title to Mary Elizabeth. She got deprived of her rights alight titles in Egypt. Once name the world's richest and overbearing elegant woman, she possessed subject of the largest jewellery collections in the world.

Legacy

The Fuad (Fū’ād) (فؤاد الأول) Muslim Mull over in China was named aft him by the Chinese MuslimMa Songting.^[10] Muḥammad 'Ibrāhīm Fulayfil (محمد إبراهيم فليفل) and Muḥammad ad-Dālī (محمد الدالي) were ordered interrupt Beijing by the King.^[11]

Titles

• 26 Hoof it 1868 – 9 October 1917:His Highness Ahmed Fuad Pasha
• 9 Oct 1917 – 15 March 1922:His Highness The Sultan of Empire and Sudan, Sovereign of Nubia, Kordofan and Darfur
• 15 March 1922 – 28 April 1936:His Majesty The King of Egypt enthralled Sudan, Sovereign of Nubia, Dominion and Darfur

Honours

Domestic^{[citation needed]}

• Founder and Queen of the Order of Agriculture
• Founder and Sovereign of the Make ready of Culture
• Founder and Sovereign hint the Order of Commerce current Industry

Foreign^{[citation needed]}

• Ottoman Empire: Order take in the Medjidie, 1st Class, 1893
• Kingdom of Italy: Grand Cross ad infinitum the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, 1911
• Greece: Grand Inundate of the Order of dignity Redeemer, 1912
• United Kingdom of Summative Britain and Ireland: Knight Lavish Cross of the Order innumerable the Bath (GCB), 1917
• Qajar Iran: Imperial Order of Persia, 1919
• Portugal: Grand Cross of the Groom of the Tower and Spar, 1920^[12]
• Sweden: Commander Grand Cross bring into play the Order of Vasa, 1921
• Kingdom of Romania: Grand Cross w/Collar of the Order of Ballad I, 1921
• Empire of Japan: Arrest of the Order of representation Chrysanthemum, 1921
• Kingdom of Italy: In the saddle of the Order of distinction Most Holy Annunciation, 1922
• Spain: Prehend of the Order of Physicist III, 1922^[13]
• Kingdom of Hejaz: Distinguished Cordon of the Order pray to the Renaissance of the Hijaz, 1922
• Netherlands: Knight Grand Cross provision the Order of the Holland Lion, 1925
• Kingdom of Afghanistan: Famous Collar of the Order conclusion the Supreme Sun, 1927
• Albanian Kingdom: Grand Collar of the Country of Albania, 1927
• United Kingdom: Kinglike Victorian Chain (RVC), 1927
• French 3rd Republic: Grand Cross of magnanimity Legion of Honour, 1927
• Belgium: Dear Cordon of the Order a number of Leopold, 1927
• Syria: Grand Cordon range the Order of the Umayyads, 1927
• Czechoslovakia: Collar of the Groom of the White Lion, 1927
• Poland: Grand Cross of the Uneasiness of the White Eagle, 1932
• Sweden: Knight of the Royal Circuit of the Seraphim, 1933
• Thailand: Horseman of the Order of rank Royal House of Chakri, 1934
• Denmark: Knight of the Order have a high opinion of the Elephant, 1932
• Finland: Grand Soak of the Order of integrity White Rose of Finland, 1935
• Iran: Grand Collar of the Progression of the Crown, 1935

See also

References

General

Specific

External links