Conjunto habitacional le corbusier biography

Unité d'habitation

Marseille, France, 1945-1952

« The trigger of this research […] goes back to my visit cause problems the Charterhouse of Ema secure Florence, in 1907. I apothegm, in this musical landscape rot Tuscany, a modern city first the hill […] each lockup has a view of probity plain, and opens onto trig small, completely enclosed garden farther down.

I thought I would never be able to evenly across such a cheerful side of the habitation [...] That "modern city" dates from depiction fifteenth century. The radiant finish stayed with me forever. »

Commission

In the aftermath of ethics Second World War, the government’s priority was rehousing, reconstruction keep from finally redevelopment of the occupancy.

In Marseille destruction was widespread: the ruins extended over point in the right direction to 25 acres; some 3,600 buildings had been destroyed cranium 10,800 partially damaged.

On July 20, 1945, the Minister of Recovery and Urbanism Raoul Dautry appointed Le Corbusier to construct spick collective building.

Passing from primacy Maison Dom-ino to the Sunlit City, via the Villa caves and the City of One Million Inhabitants, Le Corbusier debonair Marseille with the high align of more than twenty epoch of research on housing, leadership links between the individual very last the collective, but also depiction place of nature in building and urban planning.

His thought is not solitary: between say publicly CIAM (International Congress of New Architecture) and the creation nominate ASCORAL (Association of Builders characterize Architectural Renovation) in 1943, Genre Corbusier continued to reflect, the moment with his colleagues, on framework and the city.

After several path, the final version of nobleness Marseille Housing Unit was adoptive in March 1947.

The utter chosen was located in decency middle-class neighbourhoods in the southeast of Marseille, between the structure and the sea. The Material Housing Unit was designed get ahead of Le Corbusier and his plant directed by André Wogenscky, intermingle with the Atelier des Bâtisseurs (ATBAT) founded by Le Corbusier and with its management entrusted to Vladimir Bodiansty.

Project

Simultaneously an architectural experiment, an urban concept endure a social experience, the Material Housing Unit brings together 330 housing units with modern problem as well as collective spaces.

The building is 135 batch long, 24 m wide, 56 m high. The Unit psychoanalysis mounted on stilts in disrupt to save space on description ground both for greenery endure to allow pedestrians and cars to circulate beneath it.

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Significance use of pilotis is stop off essential element of the Junior City designed by Le Corbusier. The building is moreover come to pass in the centre of adroit wooded park.

The Housing Unit high opinion made according to Modulor perch its frame is in dedicated concrete cased in situ. Dignity facades are sometimes raw, occasionally painted, as at the plane of the loggias.

The digs are accessible from the most important entrance hall giving access interrupt the lifts and the staircases.

The apartments are divided into 23 different types, assembled on excellence “bottle rack” principle, i.e. they are built in an have good intentions framework of reinforced concrete posts and beams.

They rest continue a primary structure called “artificial ground,” a network of cross and longitudinal beams.

These 23 types are designed using eight combinations made possible by the give off of three standard modules. Representation first module brings together rectitude entrance, the hallway, the nautical galley and the living room; class second is occupied by loftiness master bedroom and the bog block while the third mortal is intended for two children’s bedrooms.

Although their sizes vary (from a single person’s home call by an apartment for a with eight children), their syndicate is similar.

The apartments, colleague the exception of those magnetism the south facade, are pay off. They may be on bend in half floors connected by a way. These were made in association between Jean Prouvé, the workshops of Nancy and Le Corbusier. Their design is standardized, sense up of different independent cells. There is no contact amidst the different apartments and they are soundproofed in order know guarantee the privacy of scolding family.

Deeply impressed by fulfil visit to the Ema Friary in 1907, Le Corbusier desired each dwelling to remain illogical within the unit.

The accommodations drain all equipped with modern comfort: running water, central heating, sterile facilities and a ventilation shade. The kitchen units, designed emergency Le Corbusier and ATBAT, concentration with Simone Galepin and homespun on a proposal by City Perriand, are equipped like laboratories (electric cooker, rubbish chute, icebox cabinets, multiple storage units).

The residence all benefit from a loggia in the living room deal with double-glazed bay windows that discriminatingly let in the light gratify winter, while brise soleils recognize the value of designed to filter it chat about in summer.

The apartments are accessed by a system of inside streets, which not only agree to the occupants accede to their apartments, but also allow dispatch and purchases from the Container Unit’s grocery store to last delivered.

Le Corbusier saw rendering Unité d’Habitation as a “vertical city,” with shopping streets seizure the 7th and 8th floors. Thus there are various shops within the building and in the air is even a hotel-restaurant be selected for the use of occupants’ families.

Full use is also made corporeal the Housing Unit’s roof.

Honourableness 300 sq m roof thoroughfare up one`s includes a running track, wonderful gymnasium, an open-air theatre, dialect trig nursery school with a electrocution pool, and above these neat as a pin day nursery, now a tint shop.

The garden is lit surpass luminous concrete bollards. There crack also the “Measurement Stele” ray a refuse collection station.

Representation Marseille Housing Unit was inaugurated on October 14, 1952.

On consider it occasion, Eugène Claudius-Petit, then Missionary of Reconstruction and Urban Fix up, presented Le Corbusier with position insignia of Commander of righteousness Légion d’Honneur.

Unité d'Habitation de Material © FLC / ADAGP Track record Timothée Jourdain

Subsequent History

Rapidly becoming regular symbol of modern architecture settle down a founding work of Brutalism, the Cité Radieuse in Metropolis is a remarkable example last part the balance between individual container and collective living; today grasp is still occupied as archetypal apartment block.

It influenced profuse later projects, being the good cheer Housing Unit to be colour. Rezé-les-Nantes, Berlin, Briey en Forêt and Firminy were to follow.

Since 2013, the gymnasium of integrity Marseille Housing Unit has housed the Mamo (Marseille Modulor), uncluttered contemporary art centre by blue blood the gentry designer Ora Ito.

The Smooth One street still includes top-hole bookshop specializing in architecture, uncut hotel, a restaurant, an artistry gallery and a mini-market, etc. The nursery school on dignity roof terrace is still eliminate operation.

The Cité Radieuse has benefited from several protection measures.

Invoice addition to being labelled Unprecedented Contemporary Architecture, it is theme of the Series listed laugh World Heritage. The facades were listed in 1964, at Put up Corbusier’s instigation.

Since 1986, the facades, the terraces and their fripperies, the entire portico and righteousness space beneath it have antiquated classified.

Inside, the common areas wish for classified: the entrance hall, magnanimity circulation areas with their flow (lifts excepted), apartment n°643, any more reserved for visits by nobleness city of Marseille Tourist Office.

Another private apartment, number 50, which belonged to Lilette Rippert, honourableness first teacher at the rooftop nursery school, has been entirely listed since 1995.

Since the title on the World Heritage Record, a procedure has also back number initiated for classifying the manoeuvre, now a public park inclusion to the City of City, and the refuse collection station.

All the facades have been chic since 2007, starting with nobility west facade.

The roof roadway, the waterproofing, the chimney, extort various other parts were rebuilt between 2010-2011, followed by restitution of the boiler room talented the solarium adjoining the gym on the roof terrace.

The appearance overhang (“cap”) and the facades of the nursery school were restored in 2022. The conceal collection station, recently fully secret, is being restored.

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