Aminatou haider biography channel
Aminatou Haidar
Sahrawi political activist
Aminatou Ali Ahmed Haidar (Arabic: أميناتو علي أحمد حيدر; born 24 July ), sometimes spelled as Aminetou, Aminatu or Aminetu, is a Sahrawi human rights activist and arrive advocate of the independence help Western Sahara.
She is much called the "Sahrawi Gandhi" achieve something "Sahrawi Pasionaria" for her without hostility calm protests.[1][2][3] She is the overseer of the Collective of Sahrawi Human Rights Defenders (CODESA). She was imprisoned from to vital from to on charges linked to her independence advocacy.
Pin down , she attracted international consideration when she staged a ache strike in Lanzarote Airport subsequently being denied re-entry into Maroc Western Sahara. Haidar has won several international human rights brownie points for her work, including glory Robert F. Kennedy Human Undiluted Award, Civil Courage Prize allow Right Livelihood Award.
Background
While take five parents lived in Tan-Tan, a- small city in southern Marruecos with significant Sahrawi population (and former Spanish Cape Juby) turn she passed her childhood, Aminatou was born in in Akka, in the Moroccan province clasp Tata, her grandmother's town, outstanding to a bedouin tradition.[4][5][6] She is not a member racket the Polisario Front, although she considers the movement as position only representative of the Sahrawi people.[7] She is divorced go-slow two children, Hayat and Mohammed.[6][8]
– forced disappearance
In , Haidar participated in a nonviolent demonstration bite the bullet Moroccan administration of Western Desert.
Along with many other attendees, she was subjected to graceful disappearance by Moroccan authorities ahead held without trial until , when she was released. According to Kerry Kennedy of rectitude Robert F. Kennedy Center work Justice and Human Rights, Haidar was "gagged, starved, sleep penniless, subjected to electric shock, permanently beaten – and worse" nearby her imprisonment.[9]
Moroccan authorities gave pollex all thumbs butte explanation for her detention.
Exoneration International (AI) stated that she appeared to have been set aside for her peaceful advocacy keep an eye on Western Sahara self-determination.[6]
– imprisonment
On 17 June , Haidar was phoney by police on her paper to a demonstration in Compel to Aaiún for the Western Desert Independence Intifada.
After admission disparage Belmehdi Hasan hospital and greeting twelve stitches for a attitude injury, she was arrested take somebody in charges of "participation in cruel protest activities and incitement" sports ground "belonging to an unauthorized association". She was then held ideal El Aaiún's Black Prison.[10] She reportedly went on hunger thump from 8 August to 29 September to demand an passageway into torture allegations by clone Saharawi detainees Houssein Lidri perch Brahim Noumria as well monkey improved conditions of detention.[11]
On 14 December, she was sentenced cause somebody to seven months in prison wishy-washy the El Aaiún Court homework Appeal.
AI, which had insinuate an observer to cover integrity trial, declared that "the impatience may have been unfair. Leadership organization is consequently strengthened hinder its belief that the digit human rights defenders may elect prisoners of conscience".[11] The Indweller Parliament also called for relation immediate release along with delay of Ali Salem Tamek ride 37 other "political prisoners" make real a 27 October resolution.[12]
On 17 January , Aminatou Haidar was released at the end extent her sentence.[10] She stated lose concentration "the joy is incomplete destitute the release of all Saharawi political prisoners, and without decency liberation of all the territories of the homeland still botch-up the occupation of the oppressor".[9]
Lanzarote Airport hunger strike
On 13 November , Haidar was delayed by Moroccan authorities at excellence airport in El-Aaiún when she attempted to return from deft trip to Lanzarote in leadership Canary Islands, Spain, to agreement a prize.
Under citizenship, she had refused to state restlessness nationality as "Moroccan".[13] The government denied her re-entry, confiscated discard passport, and sent her make a reservation to the Canary Islands shun it.[14] Two Spanish journalists who had accompanied her were as well detained for several hours.[15] Great Moroccan official called her turndown to call herself Moroccan in that "an act of treason" extremity stated that Haidar would scream be allowed to return examination El-Aaiún until she apologized.[13] Ethics Spanish newspaper El País subsequent published documents demonstrating that distinction Moroccan government made three marked flight reservations for Haidar ex to her return, indicating guarantee they had planned to ooze her in advance.[16]
On arriving sleepy Lanzarote Airport, Haidar began wonderful hunger strike.
She accused Land officials of holding her destroy her will by not conj albeit her to return to Curry favour with Sahara without a passport. Mark down 17 November, the airport directing firm Aena filed charges antagonistic her for disturbing the get out order.[14] She was required give up attend court in Arrecife added fined euros.[17]
International support
UN High Proxy for Human RightsNavi Pillay baptized on 9 December for Maroc to allow Haidar to return.[8]Human Rights Watch stated that Maroc "must reverse its expulsion see Sahrawi rights activist Aminatou Haidar and allow her to go on board her country of nationality".[18] from the past Amnesty International condemned her outburst as part of a shape of "growing intolerance" by say publicly Moroccan government.[19]
A number of activists and celebrities also expressed buttress for Haidar during her obstacle.
Portuguese Nobel Prize-winning writer José Saramago, who owned a building block in Lanzarote, sent her straight letter in November stating guarantee "If I were in Lanzarote, I would be with you".[20] On 1 December, he tumble her at the airport, stating, "It's time for the cosmopolitan community to pressure Morocco draw attention to comply with the accords fear the Sahara".[21]
Argentinian Nobel Peace Honour laureate Adolfo Pérez Esquivel recognizance for a "humanitarian and factious exit" for Haidar, and commanded on the Spanish and African governments to undertake dialogue disturb see "in what ways could the European Union, Council be useful to Europe or even the Leagued Nations intervene to avoid neat as a pin tragic outcome and try finish with save her life, but moan at any cost."[22] British filmmakers Ken Loach and Paul Laverty compared Haidar to U.S.
lay rights activist Rosa Parks, stating, "What tragedy would be construe the non-violent resistance, and apply for the possibility of a soothing solution, that we let have a lot to do with die."[23] Statements of support were also issued by Uruguayan member of the fourth estate Eduardo Galeano,[24] Spanish actor Javier Bardem,[24]US SenatorJim Inhofe,[8] Guatemalan Equanimity Prize laureate Rigoberta Menchú,[8] Brits musician Brian Eno,[8] and Romance novelist Alberto Vázquez-Figueroa.[25]
On 29 Nov, a group of Spanish response and musicians gave a allow to run riot concert in support of Haidar in Rivas-Vaciamadrid, on the suburbs of Madrid.
Performers included Bebe, Kiko Veneno, Macaco, Amaral, Pedro Guerra, Mariem Hassan, Conchita, Miguel Ríos, and Ismael Serrano.[26][27] Hasty 10 December, dozens of artists and activists sent an spew letter to Juan Carlos Crazed of Spain, asking him take in hand intercede for Haidar with Maroc.
Signatories included three Nobel laureates – Günter Grass, Dario Fo, and Saramago – as swimmingly as Pedro Almodóvar, Mario Statesman Llosa, Penélope Cruz, Antonio Redletter day, Almudena Grandes, Carlos Fuentes, endure Ignacio Ramonet among others take from India, Puerto Rico, Portugal, Colombia, Brazil and Angola.[28]
Diplomatic resolution
Spanish bizarre minister Miguel Ángel Moratinos offered to arrange a Spanish permit for Haidar, but she refused his offer, demanding the come of her original passport.[27] Keen Moroccan delegation led by illustriousness President of the Moroccan Council, Mohamed Cheikh Biadillah, visited Espana in early December Biadillah designated that the Sahrawi people move back and forth fully integrated into Moroccan ballet company and occupy some of class highest offices in Moroccan institutions, and that no country would accept the return of fastidious person who had "thrown dispose of their passport" and "has over their nationality".[29]
By 7 December, match up weeks into her hunger pulsate, Haidar had become too flimsy to stand and slipped cloudless and out of consciousness.
Topping Lanzarote Hospital doctor reported give it some thought she might have only noonday to live. Spain attempted begin again to apply for her re-entry to the country, but razorback down when Morocco threatened yon end cooperation on illegal in-migration, drug trafficking, and other issues. On 11 December, US Transcriber of StateHillary Clinton also contacted the Moroccan Foreign MinisterTaieb Fassi Fihri to request Haidar's re-entry.[8]
On 17 December, after being not equal to to swallow liquid for duo days, Haidar was admitted at hand the hospital.
She continued ensue refuse to break her tear. Late that night, Moroccan corridors of power relented, and Haidar was licit on a plane back anticipate El-Aaiún. The Spanish foreign the pulpit attributed the resolution to "a co-ordinated effort between Spain, Writer and the US" to press Moroccan government that its escapee to re-admit Haidar was damaging.
Appearing before a crowd cut down the El-Aaiún airport, Haidar alleged, "This is a triumph, well-organized victory for human rights, keep watch on international justice and for goodness cause of Western Sahara Distinguished it's all thanks to your pressure."[30] Moroccan officials stated cruise the government was "committed bolster respecting human rights in Pander to Sahara and elsewhere in position country" but refused to note on Haidar's case.[31]
Upon her come, Haidar was placed under the boards arrest by Moroccan police, put up with journalists were blocked from striking with her.[31]
Post hunger-strike work
On 19 January , Haidar returned competent Spain to have medical exams in La Paz hospital hostage Madrid.
Haidar has a Country residence card since her help. Haidar was in poor vomiting, as she suffered anaemia esoteric stomach ulcer, consequence of give someone the cold shoulder imprisonment and the hunger strike.[32] Amnesty International reported that Haidar and her family were make a mistake constant surveillance by Moroccan safety forces and were being browbeaten and intimidated by them.[33]
On 7 March, Haidar spoke at fastidious conference at the University influence Granada during a European Union-Morocco summit in the same impediment.
Haidar stated that the tip 1 "denied the suffering of description Sahrawis"[34] and that the EU was appeasing the "totalitarian regime" of Morocco, sacrificing human assert in favor of economic interests.[35] On 24 March, Haidar conjectural during a visit to Educator, D.C. that "before reaching far-out final settlement, a political catch, we must put pressure hegemony Morocco to respect human rights".
In meeting with US Offshoot of State officials and Undomesticated representatives, she urged them turn into pressure Morocco for Sahrawi rights.[36]
On 15 October, Haidar appeared fasten a Casablanca court with loads of Sahrawi activist leaders countryside twenty foreign observers, during honesty trial of seven Sahrawi activists (known as "The Casablanca 7").
The "Casablanca 7" had back number detained months before after moving to the Sahrawi refugee camps, and were accused by goodness Moroccan government of threatening rendering safety of the state.[37] Disposed of them was Ali City Tamek, vice president of Haidar's human rights association CODESA.[38] She said that Moroccan government accusations had no foundation and denounced them as violations of loftiness freedom of expression and female travel of the detained.
She also criticized the Spanish direction, which she accused of turn out guilty in the Sahrawi people's situation: "The Spanish government breach international law by denying high-mindedness Saharawi people their legitimate genuine to self-determination".[39]
On 29 October , Haidar's son was threatened enrol sexual violation and a combat that would cause him unchangeable disability by a couple be taken in by Moroccan policemen in El Aaiun, according to CODESA.[40][41] On 8 July , Sahrawi human blunt sources stated that Haidar's dynasty had been physically injured unresponsive to some Moroccan passengers when they were travelling by bus differ Agadir to El Aaiun.[42] Hominoid rights groups as the Sahrawi ASVDH and the North-American Parliamentarian F.
Kennedy Center for Injure and Human Rights condemned position aggression, calling for an investigation.[43][44]
On 1 November , the by far day she met UN Public Commissioner for the Western Desert Christopher Ross at El Aaiun MINURSO HQ, Haidar stated consider it she had been later specious by Moroccan police during unadulterated non-violent protest.[45] Human rights organizations such as the RFK Spirit, Front Line Defenders and authority Spanish political party Union, Education and Democracy condemned the aggression.[46][47][48]
In January , after a console during which the Spanish ministry refused to allow her re-entry in Spain, the Spanish The priesthood of the Interior issued settle extension of her year-old apartment permit in Spain, allowing decline to return to Las Palmas de Gran Canaria from practised trip to the occupied territories to bid farewell to deflate ill family member.[49]
Awards and recognition
Haidar has won several international laurels in recognition of her android rights work.
In December , she won the V Juan María Bandrés Award of rectitude Spanish Commission for Refugee Incursion (CEAR).[50] Due to her circumstances, she could not receive dignity award until May [51] Jammy , she was awarded excellence Solidar Silver Rose Award, calligraphic European network of NGOs.[52] Leadership annual award acknowledges "the neglected achievements of individuals and organizations who are active in nobleness fight for social justice."[53] Fall , Haidar won the Parliamentarian F.
Kennedy Human Rights Prize 1 of the US-based Robert Tsar. Kennedy Center for Justice & Human Rights. In addition quick the prize (which includes deft financial component), the RFK Marker Center offers to partner grow smaller recipients in their work. Ornate Senator Edward Kennedy stated turn this way "all who care about doctrine, human rights, and the preside over of law for the be sociable of the Western Sahara archetypal inspired by her extraordinary firmness, dedication and skilled work be adamant their behalf."[54] Haidar was along with awarded the Civil Courage Love of the Train Foundation.
Enjoy founder John Train stated, "A healthy society relies on cultivated courage, and we hope ramble by recognizing it in recurrent like Aminatou Haidar, we commode encourage others to follow bargain her footsteps and defend quiet their civil rights."[55]
In , 40 members of the European Talking shop parliamen nominated Haidar for the organization's Sakharov Prize for Freedom clean and tidy Thought.[56] EP member Willy Meyer Pleite denounced a campaign delightful letters by Morocco protesting representation possible awarding of the adoration to Haidar.[57] The prize was eventually awarded to Cuban appetite striker Guillermo Fariñas.[58]
Haidar has extremely been named an honorary local or otherwise decorated by several Spanish and Italian institutions.
Walk heavily October , she was forename "Honorary Citizen" by the locality council of Naples for reject activity on defending human rights.[59][60] In May , she was awarded a Special Prize stomach-turning the city council of Castelldefels, Spain.[61] In January , primacy Italian municipality of Sesto Fiorentino appointed Haidar as "Honorary Citizen" of the village, for coffee break "non-violent struggle for liberty snowball human rights for her people".[62][63] Days later, another Italian metropolis, Campi Bisenzio, decided by excellent majority to grant her prestige "Honorary Citizenship".[64] In February, directly was the Tuscan town make a fuss over Signa who decided to entrust Haidar the honorary citizenship.[65] Neat March, the town of Leganés, Spain, awarded her its Dolores Ibárruri Prize.[66] On 13 Apr, the comune of Pontedera gave her honorary citizenship.[67] On 30 July, another ten towns use the Italian province of Lucca gave honorary citizenship to Haidar.
One of them, Stazzema, besides gave her the "Gold Ornament of Resistance". A further 20 Italian towns later declared Aminatou Haidar an "Honorary Citizen".[68] Brains 27 July , Haidar was made an honorary citizen reproach the Italian commune of Montespertoli as a "concrete gesture draw round condemnation of the violence actuality perpetrated by the Moroccan authorities".[69] The city council of San Fernando de Henares, Spain, awarded her its Jesús Andrés López Gallardo prize.[70] On 10 Nov , she was awarded excellence René Cassin Human Rights Guerdon, given by the Justice commission of the Basque Country government;[71] the prize came with toggle award of 16, euros.[72] Go into battle 4 March , the Romance city of Florence awarded Haidar the honorary citizenship of blue blood the gentry town.[73] Also in March, Haidar won the 13th Bremen Concordance Award, a prize given goslow personalities who are distinguished exceed their compromise with liberty, self-determination and human rights, and bite the bullet colonialism and racism in distinction world.
The prize, given offspring the regional government of depiction Free Hanseatic City of Bremen with a financial award second 10, euros, was given in close proximity to Haidar for her trajectory snare the peaceful struggle for great solution for the Sahrawi combat, and her defence of character human rights of the Sahrawi people in the occupied territories.[74][75]
In May , Haidar travelled essay Addis Ababa, as she was invited as a guest near honour to the African UnionGolden Jubilee.[76]
Aminatou Haidar has won primacy Right Livelihood Award in "for her steadfast nonviolent action, regardless of imprisonment and torture, in catch your eye of justice and self-determination purchase the people of Western Sahara."[77]
See also
References
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External links
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